1 00:00:03,136 --> 00:00:04,305 [music] 2 00:00:04,405 --> 00:00:06,874 [Jay] How do you defy gravity 3 00:00:06,974 --> 00:00:09,877 and make a tower ripple in every direction? 4 00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:12,012 [Mat] The whole building wants to topple over, 5 00:00:12,145 --> 00:00:15,749 so it really needs some clever engineering behind it. 6 00:00:19,553 --> 00:00:23,324 [Jay] Can engineers construct a tornado-proof art center 7 00:00:23,424 --> 00:00:26,360 without a single right angle in sight? 8 00:00:26,493 --> 00:00:29,229 My first reaction to this design was, wow. 9 00:00:29,363 --> 00:00:32,232 I am not exactly sure how we're going to accomplish that. 10 00:00:32,332 --> 00:00:35,969 [music] 11 00:00:36,070 --> 00:00:37,471 [Jay] And how do you build an office 12 00:00:37,571 --> 00:00:40,974 with a shape never used before in construction? 13 00:00:42,375 --> 00:00:46,213 Holy cow, how does something like that get built? 14 00:00:46,313 --> 00:00:51,051 [music] 15 00:00:51,184 --> 00:00:54,955 [Jay] This is the age of the extraordinary. 16 00:00:55,055 --> 00:00:58,492 [Amma] It's totally different from everything around it. 17 00:00:58,592 --> 00:01:01,095 It's like a visitor from another planet. 18 00:01:01,228 --> 00:01:04,865 [music] 19 00:01:04,965 --> 00:01:06,233 [Jay] Where ingenious engineers 20 00:01:06,333 --> 00:01:09,102 have unleashed unchecked creativity. 21 00:01:09,236 --> 00:01:11,605 Now their secrets are revealed 22 00:01:11,739 --> 00:01:14,174 as we discover the amazing stories 23 00:01:14,274 --> 00:01:15,876 of their construction. 24 00:01:15,976 --> 00:01:18,179 [Dr. Mabry] It is simply mindblowing. 25 00:01:18,279 --> 00:01:20,747 I mean, how do you come up with an idea like that? 26 00:01:20,847 --> 00:01:24,952 [music] 27 00:01:25,085 --> 00:01:27,688 [Jay] To try and understand 28 00:01:27,788 --> 00:01:29,923 how did they build that? 29 00:01:32,459 --> 00:01:34,260 When the legendary architect Frank Gehry 30 00:01:34,361 --> 00:01:36,663 was asked to design an iconic building 31 00:01:36,763 --> 00:01:39,800 for a brand-new business school in Sydney, Australia, 32 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:42,335 he was determined to pull something really special 33 00:01:42,435 --> 00:01:44,004 out of the bag-- 34 00:01:44,071 --> 00:01:48,442 a totally unique and amazing building known as 35 00:01:48,542 --> 00:01:50,443 the Squash Brown Paper Bag. 36 00:01:52,747 --> 00:01:54,481 Sydney, Australia. 37 00:01:54,581 --> 00:01:56,283 It's a city that is world famous 38 00:01:56,416 --> 00:01:58,585 for its quality of life, 39 00:01:58,719 --> 00:02:00,854 amazing weather, 40 00:02:00,954 --> 00:02:03,156 and incredible architecture. 41 00:02:04,758 --> 00:02:07,661 The Sydney Harbour Bridge. 42 00:02:07,795 --> 00:02:10,030 The opera house. 43 00:02:10,130 --> 00:02:15,402 And now a university building that defies the laws of gravity. 44 00:02:17,471 --> 00:02:19,473 [Nigel] You can see it 100 times, 45 00:02:19,573 --> 00:02:21,241 and you can still stand outside the building 46 00:02:21,341 --> 00:02:23,276 and just wonder how this was designed 47 00:02:23,376 --> 00:02:25,111 and how it was built. 48 00:02:25,212 --> 00:02:26,546 [Jay] Designed by one of the world's 49 00:02:26,646 --> 00:02:28,082 most celebrated architects, 50 00:02:28,148 --> 00:02:31,786 it leans perilously in all directions. 51 00:02:31,886 --> 00:02:34,421 Every one of its 320,000 bricks 52 00:02:34,522 --> 00:02:37,024 looks set to topple to the ground. 53 00:02:37,124 --> 00:02:40,593 Look at this building and your brain just screams at you. 54 00:02:40,694 --> 00:02:42,930 This building does not make sense. 55 00:02:42,996 --> 00:02:45,299 [Jay] Sculpting it from brick, concrete, and steel 56 00:02:45,399 --> 00:02:47,835 pushes the team to its limits. 57 00:02:47,935 --> 00:02:50,770 We will identify challenges not just at the start, 58 00:02:50,870 --> 00:02:52,206 just throughout. 59 00:02:52,306 --> 00:02:54,674 [Jay] As the design and even the site itself 60 00:02:54,808 --> 00:02:57,577 throw up more and more problems. 61 00:02:57,678 --> 00:03:00,647 There's an old, fragile sewer right at the edge of the site. 62 00:03:00,747 --> 00:03:02,215 And if it's punctured, 63 00:03:02,349 --> 00:03:05,753 the site gets flooded with sewage. 64 00:03:05,853 --> 00:03:07,721 [Jay] It takes five long years to create 65 00:03:07,821 --> 00:03:09,990 the UTS Business School, 66 00:03:10,090 --> 00:03:13,427 an architectural vision that snakes and twists 67 00:03:13,527 --> 00:03:16,129 in a way no building ever should. 68 00:03:18,499 --> 00:03:20,233 So, how did they build it? 69 00:03:22,335 --> 00:03:24,704 [music] 70 00:03:24,838 --> 00:03:26,840 [Jay] It's 2008, 71 00:03:26,940 --> 00:03:28,508 and despite being one of the world's 72 00:03:28,608 --> 00:03:30,644 top young universities, 73 00:03:30,744 --> 00:03:32,445 the University of Technology Sydney, 74 00:03:32,546 --> 00:03:34,381 or UTS for short, 75 00:03:34,481 --> 00:03:36,617 has a problem. 76 00:03:36,717 --> 00:03:38,485 Established in the 1980s, 77 00:03:38,585 --> 00:03:41,588 many of its buildings date back even further. 78 00:03:41,722 --> 00:03:43,991 The campus is tired, dilapidated, 79 00:03:44,091 --> 00:03:46,693 and unattractive to students. 80 00:03:46,793 --> 00:03:48,061 In that period of time, 81 00:03:48,195 --> 00:03:50,197 the whole precinct was largely one 82 00:03:50,297 --> 00:03:53,334 that required significant improvement. 83 00:03:53,434 --> 00:03:56,804 [Jay] To survive, the university needs to rebuild. 84 00:03:56,904 --> 00:03:59,306 It embarks on a $600 million program 85 00:03:59,372 --> 00:04:02,242 to renew the campus with a series of sustainable, 86 00:04:02,342 --> 00:04:04,378 beautiful buildings. 87 00:04:04,478 --> 00:04:05,579 The centerpiece will be 88 00:04:05,679 --> 00:04:07,881 an extraordinary eye-catching new home 89 00:04:07,982 --> 00:04:10,250 for the university's business school. 90 00:04:10,350 --> 00:04:13,020 [Daniel] UTS wanted a bold statement, 91 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,589 something that helps advertise their presence 92 00:04:15,689 --> 00:04:17,791 in a competitive education market. 93 00:04:20,761 --> 00:04:23,297 [Jay] They turned to one of the most celebrated architects 94 00:04:23,397 --> 00:04:26,666 in the world, Frank Gehry. 95 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:28,635 With a style unlike any other, 96 00:04:28,735 --> 00:04:30,604 Gary has spent over 60 years 97 00:04:30,704 --> 00:04:33,206 creating extraordinary buildings around the world, 98 00:04:33,306 --> 00:04:38,645 including the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Spain 99 00:04:38,745 --> 00:04:41,815 and the Louis Vuitton Foundation in France. 100 00:04:41,949 --> 00:04:44,552 He redefines what a building can be 101 00:04:44,652 --> 00:04:47,888 and sets incredible challenges for engineers. 102 00:04:47,955 --> 00:04:51,058 Frank Gehry has a way of bending buildings, 103 00:04:51,124 --> 00:04:53,160 completely twisting them out of shape 104 00:04:53,293 --> 00:04:55,695 so it just looks like they shouldn't stand up. 105 00:04:58,198 --> 00:04:59,499 [Jay] In March 2010, 106 00:04:59,599 --> 00:05:01,502 and in typical Gehry style, 107 00:05:01,602 --> 00:05:03,870 the design starts as a sketch. 108 00:05:06,673 --> 00:05:10,344 One of my first impressions of Frank Gehry's initial squiggles 109 00:05:10,444 --> 00:05:12,546 on a piece of paper, 110 00:05:12,679 --> 00:05:14,482 they were hard to understand how 111 00:05:14,582 --> 00:05:18,052 that transformed into a building. 112 00:05:18,152 --> 00:05:22,523 [Jay] In Gehry's mind, there is one clear ambition-- 113 00:05:22,623 --> 00:05:23,758 In my experience, 114 00:05:23,858 --> 00:05:26,727 there's been a fear of exploring the unknown. 115 00:05:26,827 --> 00:05:30,531 And it does tend to lead to banal buildings. 116 00:05:30,664 --> 00:05:33,767 We're talking about breaking through that 117 00:05:33,867 --> 00:05:36,637 and showing how a building can have character 118 00:05:36,737 --> 00:05:41,741 and become a catalyst to creativity. 119 00:05:42,943 --> 00:05:44,878 [Jay] Gehry builds hundreds of models 120 00:05:44,978 --> 00:05:47,948 to turn his drawing into the final design. 121 00:05:50,684 --> 00:05:54,087 It will be every bit as bold as the university demands. 122 00:05:55,155 --> 00:05:57,791 A curving and contorting building 123 00:05:57,891 --> 00:06:00,260 in his signature style. 124 00:06:00,393 --> 00:06:02,963 [music] 125 00:06:03,063 --> 00:06:04,798 [Jay] The first challenge will be shoring up 126 00:06:04,898 --> 00:06:07,033 the soft, swampy local soil 127 00:06:07,134 --> 00:06:11,838 as they dig down to create foundations and the basement. 128 00:06:11,939 --> 00:06:13,774 Then, at the center of the building, 129 00:06:13,908 --> 00:06:17,410 they'll construct a standard core of reinforced concrete. 130 00:06:18,879 --> 00:06:22,282 But Gehry's design will require undulating floor planks 131 00:06:22,416 --> 00:06:24,351 that are anything but standard, 132 00:06:24,451 --> 00:06:25,819 so to support them, 133 00:06:25,919 --> 00:06:27,788 they will design a unique system of 134 00:06:27,922 --> 00:06:31,025 individually engineered columns. 135 00:06:31,125 --> 00:06:33,227 Last, but not least, they'll have to find a way 136 00:06:33,327 --> 00:06:36,163 to make more than 300,000 straight-edge bricks 137 00:06:36,263 --> 00:06:39,232 conform to the building's dizzying curves. 138 00:06:39,332 --> 00:06:40,600 If they can pull it off, 139 00:06:40,734 --> 00:06:43,037 they will create an educational centerpiece 140 00:06:43,137 --> 00:06:45,539 unlike any other in the world. 141 00:06:48,408 --> 00:06:51,112 [music] 142 00:06:51,245 --> 00:06:53,179 [Jay] In 2011, the team starts preparation 143 00:06:53,280 --> 00:06:55,582 for the foundations and basement, 144 00:06:55,683 --> 00:06:58,952 and immediately they hit a problem. 145 00:06:59,052 --> 00:07:01,054 The site was once a swamp. 146 00:07:01,154 --> 00:07:03,490 As soon as they dig to any depth, 147 00:07:03,590 --> 00:07:05,425 it floods with water. 148 00:07:05,525 --> 00:07:07,127 It was a significant exercise 149 00:07:07,227 --> 00:07:09,896 to continually pump water out of the site 150 00:07:09,996 --> 00:07:12,566 so that the work could continue. 151 00:07:12,699 --> 00:07:14,067 [Jay] To hold back the groundwater 152 00:07:14,201 --> 00:07:15,369 and the soft soil, 153 00:07:15,503 --> 00:07:17,037 they construct retention pile walls 154 00:07:17,171 --> 00:07:18,438 one side at a time 155 00:07:18,539 --> 00:07:21,408 around the perimeter of the basement. 156 00:07:21,508 --> 00:07:24,044 This involves drilling deep piles close to one another 157 00:07:24,178 --> 00:07:27,514 before reinforcing them and filling them with concrete. 158 00:07:30,717 --> 00:07:32,052 But at the fourth wall, 159 00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:34,922 they discover a fragile Victorian era sewer. 160 00:07:35,022 --> 00:07:38,725 It can't be removed and must remain intact. 161 00:07:38,825 --> 00:07:40,027 The oviform sewer, 162 00:07:40,127 --> 00:07:43,864 which is essentially an egg-shaped brick sewer 163 00:07:43,964 --> 00:07:45,566 running down the one side, 164 00:07:45,666 --> 00:07:47,735 it is really sensitive to movement. 165 00:07:47,835 --> 00:07:49,536 They have to be incredibly careful 166 00:07:49,636 --> 00:07:51,705 with the vibrations of the work they're doing, 167 00:07:51,838 --> 00:07:55,709 because if the sewer moves by only 5 millimeters, 168 00:07:55,843 --> 00:07:57,010 it's gonna shatter. 169 00:07:59,446 --> 00:08:02,616 [Jay] The engineers have to find a way of building the pile wall 170 00:08:02,716 --> 00:08:04,684 and protecting the sewer. 171 00:08:04,785 --> 00:08:06,420 We were able to come up with a system 172 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,022 which we called 173 00:08:08,122 --> 00:08:11,758 the "World War II gun turret brace system." 174 00:08:11,858 --> 00:08:14,261 [Jay] This involves using a system of diagonal props 175 00:08:14,361 --> 00:08:15,963 resembling gun turrets. 176 00:08:16,063 --> 00:08:18,098 They hold the pile wall in place, 177 00:08:18,231 --> 00:08:21,802 but can be moved while they excavate the basement. 178 00:08:21,902 --> 00:08:24,605 [George] As we excavated the remainder of the basement, 179 00:08:24,705 --> 00:08:27,274 we were able to jack up the braces 180 00:08:27,407 --> 00:08:30,744 to keep the wall in the right location 181 00:08:30,844 --> 00:08:33,280 and to limit the movement on that sewer. 182 00:08:33,413 --> 00:08:35,382 [Jay] It works beautifully, holding the wall in place 183 00:08:35,482 --> 00:08:37,117 while the team constructs the basement 184 00:08:37,251 --> 00:08:39,486 without damaging the historic sewer. 185 00:08:40,554 --> 00:08:42,523 The trickiest bit eventually 186 00:08:42,623 --> 00:08:45,926 was installing the ground floor slab 187 00:08:46,026 --> 00:08:50,864 and then being able to release those big steel diagonal props. 188 00:08:50,931 --> 00:08:53,868 [Jay] With the slab in place, the sewer is safe. 189 00:08:53,968 --> 00:08:57,104 Now they can start to build the main structure. 190 00:08:57,204 --> 00:08:59,139 In an ordinary rectangular tower, 191 00:08:59,239 --> 00:09:02,576 the forces it creates are transferred down vertically 192 00:09:02,676 --> 00:09:04,978 through the internal columns. 193 00:09:05,112 --> 00:09:08,215 But this is something else altogether. 194 00:09:08,315 --> 00:09:10,784 If you want a Frank Gehry building, 195 00:09:10,884 --> 00:09:13,687 you have to accept the challenge that comes with it. 196 00:09:13,787 --> 00:09:15,789 [Jay] Because of the shape of Gehry's design, 197 00:09:15,889 --> 00:09:19,626 the forces push out sideways, as well as down. 198 00:09:19,726 --> 00:09:22,195 [George] The building would twist under its own weight. 199 00:09:22,329 --> 00:09:24,331 How do we limit those movements? 200 00:09:24,431 --> 00:09:26,533 How do we get those loads to the ground? 201 00:09:26,633 --> 00:09:29,269 Those would be big challenges for us. 202 00:09:30,337 --> 00:09:33,808 [Jay] The solution is to use sloping columns. 203 00:09:33,908 --> 00:09:36,343 These are often used to manage complex forces. 204 00:09:36,477 --> 00:09:37,978 But every building is different, 205 00:09:38,078 --> 00:09:41,415 and this one is more complex than most. 206 00:09:41,481 --> 00:09:43,149 A lot of the sleepless nights that we had 207 00:09:43,249 --> 00:09:45,185 was around how we would deal with 208 00:09:45,319 --> 00:09:47,721 the sloping columns. 209 00:09:47,821 --> 00:09:49,022 [Jay] They have to work out 210 00:09:49,156 --> 00:09:51,191 exactly where every column will go 211 00:09:51,325 --> 00:09:53,694 and how much it will need to slope 212 00:09:53,827 --> 00:09:55,062 to cope with the different forces 213 00:09:55,162 --> 00:09:56,930 created in each location. 214 00:09:56,997 --> 00:09:58,999 [George] We had columns that were starting 215 00:09:59,132 --> 00:10:00,534 on the top of the building, 216 00:10:00,668 --> 00:10:02,069 quite far away from each other, 217 00:10:02,169 --> 00:10:04,337 that ended up intersecting each other 218 00:10:04,437 --> 00:10:06,106 lower down in the building, 219 00:10:06,206 --> 00:10:08,175 which made the detailing 220 00:10:08,275 --> 00:10:11,645 and how we were actually able to construct them 221 00:10:11,745 --> 00:10:13,313 quite involved. 222 00:10:17,451 --> 00:10:20,154 [Jay] The interior skeleton is complete. 223 00:10:20,254 --> 00:10:22,923 Then, in August 2013, the team faces 224 00:10:23,023 --> 00:10:25,326 their biggest test yet-- 225 00:10:25,426 --> 00:10:27,360 creating the building's façade. 226 00:10:28,795 --> 00:10:30,998 The curving buildings Gehry's renowned for 227 00:10:31,131 --> 00:10:33,700 are often finished in sheets of metal, 228 00:10:33,801 --> 00:10:35,235 but not this one. 229 00:10:35,335 --> 00:10:39,339 The neighborhood is composed primarily of brick buildings, 230 00:10:39,439 --> 00:10:41,308 and so we started to try and make a building 231 00:10:41,408 --> 00:10:43,877 that really speaks to the neighborhood 232 00:10:43,977 --> 00:10:47,013 and fits into that context. 233 00:10:47,113 --> 00:10:49,483 [music] 234 00:10:49,583 --> 00:10:51,018 [Jay] By choosing brick, 235 00:10:51,118 --> 00:10:53,353 the façade material can be locally sourced, 236 00:10:53,487 --> 00:10:55,155 which makes it more sustainable. 237 00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:59,927 But making curves out of it won't be easy. 238 00:11:00,027 --> 00:11:01,595 [Craig] The level of curvature on this building 239 00:11:01,729 --> 00:11:04,865 is beyond what we had done previously. 240 00:11:04,965 --> 00:11:07,767 The interest here is to get this flowing shape 241 00:11:07,867 --> 00:11:10,904 in a material that doesn't necessarily want to do that. 242 00:11:12,372 --> 00:11:13,607 [Jay] To achieve the swirling look, 243 00:11:13,707 --> 00:11:16,811 they have to design custom-made bricks. 244 00:11:16,911 --> 00:11:19,647 We spoke to many brick suppliers. 245 00:11:19,713 --> 00:11:24,585 And when we'd show them the façade of the building, 246 00:11:24,718 --> 00:11:27,220 their initial view was, "You can't build that." 247 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:30,323 [music] 248 00:11:30,424 --> 00:11:33,960 [Jay] The design will push the bricklayers to their limits. 249 00:11:38,298 --> 00:11:39,633 [Jay] In Sydney, Australia, 250 00:11:39,733 --> 00:11:41,969 world-renowned architect Frank Gehry's mindbending 251 00:11:42,102 --> 00:11:45,138 curved design for a new university building 252 00:11:45,238 --> 00:11:47,441 is forcing the team to use bricks 253 00:11:47,541 --> 00:11:49,643 as never before. 254 00:11:50,410 --> 00:11:51,544 To make the curved façade, 255 00:11:51,645 --> 00:11:53,781 they turn to a bricklaying technique 256 00:11:53,881 --> 00:11:55,482 known as corbelling. 257 00:11:56,217 --> 00:11:57,651 They have to corbel the bricks, 258 00:11:57,784 --> 00:11:59,687 which means that each successive layer 259 00:11:59,787 --> 00:12:02,356 steps out slightly from the one below it. 260 00:12:03,190 --> 00:12:05,092 You've gotta be really careful when corbelling 261 00:12:05,192 --> 00:12:07,061 because in engineering terms, 262 00:12:07,161 --> 00:12:10,630 you're potentially creating a massive stability problem 263 00:12:10,730 --> 00:12:11,699 for yourself. 264 00:12:11,799 --> 00:12:13,033 If bricks are stacked vertically, 265 00:12:13,167 --> 00:12:15,436 the forces are going straight down. 266 00:12:15,502 --> 00:12:17,671 As soon as you start to step in one direction 267 00:12:17,771 --> 00:12:19,039 or the other direction, 268 00:12:19,172 --> 00:12:22,509 you introduce a lateral force in that direction. 269 00:12:22,643 --> 00:12:25,212 And that force has to be resisted. 270 00:12:25,312 --> 00:12:26,781 [Jay] This building requires corbelling 271 00:12:26,881 --> 00:12:29,916 on a scale never seen before. 272 00:12:30,016 --> 00:12:32,185 Bricks have been done with corbels before. 273 00:12:32,285 --> 00:12:34,922 But it hadn't been done corbelling in two directions, 274 00:12:35,022 --> 00:12:37,458 corbelling inwards, corbelling outwards, 275 00:12:37,558 --> 00:12:40,293 across two planes vertically and horizontally. 276 00:12:40,393 --> 00:12:42,729 So the challenge in the design was, 277 00:12:42,829 --> 00:12:46,066 how do you make sure that these corbels don't topple over? 278 00:12:47,902 --> 00:12:50,604 [Jay] As they build the walls either in or out, 279 00:12:50,705 --> 00:12:52,272 each course of bricks will step out 280 00:12:52,372 --> 00:12:54,574 by almost two inches. 281 00:12:54,674 --> 00:12:56,677 Sloping by over 25 degrees, 282 00:12:56,811 --> 00:13:01,715 these walls are literally gravity defying. 283 00:13:01,815 --> 00:13:03,917 The whole building wants to topple over, 284 00:13:04,017 --> 00:13:06,920 so it really needs some clever engineering behind it. 285 00:13:08,856 --> 00:13:12,926 We had to do a lot of homework on how we were going to do this. 286 00:13:13,026 --> 00:13:15,296 [Jay] The team turns to a local brick producer specialist 287 00:13:15,429 --> 00:13:16,930 for help. 288 00:13:17,064 --> 00:13:18,698 The nature of this building was such 289 00:13:18,799 --> 00:13:20,601 that we had to develop a new system 290 00:13:20,701 --> 00:13:22,402 to hold the bricks back to the building. 291 00:13:24,204 --> 00:13:26,039 [Larry] They design bricks with a central groove 292 00:13:26,106 --> 00:13:29,910 that allows them to be anchored to the building's structure. 293 00:13:30,043 --> 00:13:32,112 And where we essentially ended up in the end 294 00:13:32,246 --> 00:13:35,616 was a steel prefabricated backing system 295 00:13:35,716 --> 00:13:38,952 that had the membrane fixed to it, 296 00:13:39,052 --> 00:13:41,755 that had the brick ties connected to it already. 297 00:13:41,855 --> 00:13:43,757 So the brickies, when they were laying the bricks, 298 00:13:43,890 --> 00:13:46,827 all they knew is when they got to one of the mounting points, 299 00:13:46,927 --> 00:13:48,261 they knew it had to go in. 300 00:13:48,395 --> 00:13:49,697 So they didn't have to think about 301 00:13:49,797 --> 00:13:52,633 how many they were putting in or where they went. 302 00:13:52,733 --> 00:13:54,768 [Daniel] And eventually we got to a point 303 00:13:54,901 --> 00:13:59,072 where what seemed impossible wasn't impossible anymore. 304 00:14:00,874 --> 00:14:02,409 [Jay] It may not be impossible, 305 00:14:02,509 --> 00:14:04,844 but the challenge is far from over. 306 00:14:05,813 --> 00:14:07,581 On a normal build, a bricklayer would lay 307 00:14:07,681 --> 00:14:10,684 some 500 bricks a day. 308 00:14:10,818 --> 00:14:13,921 They were laying less than 50 bricks a day, 309 00:14:14,021 --> 00:14:16,057 which is very low for a bricklayer 310 00:14:16,157 --> 00:14:17,657 and very poor productivity 311 00:14:17,791 --> 00:14:19,660 if you're looking at normal bricklaying rates. 312 00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:21,227 [Man] At the beginning, there was some barriers. 313 00:14:21,328 --> 00:14:22,696 I'm a bricklayer. 314 00:14:22,796 --> 00:14:24,598 [indistinct] lay 100 bricks. 315 00:14:24,698 --> 00:14:27,568 But this is the way the job is. 316 00:14:27,668 --> 00:14:30,337 [Jay] The challenge of the job proves to be too much 317 00:14:30,470 --> 00:14:31,905 for some of the team. 318 00:14:31,972 --> 00:14:35,375 Some of the bricklayers that started on the project 319 00:14:35,475 --> 00:14:39,980 either asked to be removed and sent to another project, 320 00:14:40,114 --> 00:14:42,316 'cause it was doing their head in, 321 00:14:42,416 --> 00:14:47,053 all these little rules about the pattern and the bond 322 00:14:47,153 --> 00:14:49,523 was just too much for them. 323 00:14:49,656 --> 00:14:51,858 And they couldn't stand the pressure. 324 00:14:51,958 --> 00:14:54,061 [music] 325 00:14:54,161 --> 00:14:55,662 [Jay] Those who remain pick up the pace, 326 00:14:55,762 --> 00:14:58,299 laying some 320,000 bricks 327 00:14:58,399 --> 00:15:01,568 in order to complete the seemingly unbuildable 328 00:15:01,702 --> 00:15:03,504 new business school. 329 00:15:03,570 --> 00:15:05,473 [Nigel] We were very fortunate indeed 330 00:15:05,573 --> 00:15:08,576 that the artisan bricklayers, 331 00:15:08,676 --> 00:15:11,812 who took a significant amount of pride in their work, 332 00:15:11,912 --> 00:15:13,714 rose to the occasion 333 00:15:13,847 --> 00:15:16,316 and delivered on the job. 334 00:15:19,653 --> 00:15:20,821 [Jay] In 2015, 335 00:15:20,921 --> 00:15:24,091 six years after Gehry put pen to paper, 336 00:15:24,191 --> 00:15:27,494 the new business school building throws open its doors 337 00:15:27,594 --> 00:15:29,229 to students. 338 00:15:29,930 --> 00:15:31,565 Its magical twisting structure 339 00:15:31,698 --> 00:15:35,703 putting the university firmly on the global stage. 340 00:15:35,836 --> 00:15:38,639 This is the first Frank Gehry building in Australia, 341 00:15:38,705 --> 00:15:41,575 and what a way to make an entrance. 342 00:15:41,709 --> 00:15:44,377 [Jay] It is not just a testament to architectural vision, 343 00:15:44,478 --> 00:15:48,682 but redefines what can be achieved with a simple brick. 344 00:15:48,783 --> 00:15:52,786 The corbelling creates shadows and changes as the sun changes 345 00:15:52,886 --> 00:15:54,288 and moves through the sky 346 00:15:54,388 --> 00:15:57,558 that really makes the building kind of come alive. 347 00:15:57,691 --> 00:15:59,893 [music] 348 00:15:59,993 --> 00:16:02,396 [Jay] As well as pushing architectural boundaries, 349 00:16:02,496 --> 00:16:04,664 it's also sustainable. 350 00:16:04,765 --> 00:16:07,401 The brickwork is durable, low maintenance, 351 00:16:07,501 --> 00:16:09,369 and locally sourced. 352 00:16:09,470 --> 00:16:13,073 The inside spaces are fitted out with sustainable timber. 353 00:16:13,173 --> 00:16:15,976 The building even harbors rainwater. 354 00:16:16,109 --> 00:16:17,978 [Jay] Above all, though, this is a beautiful, 355 00:16:18,078 --> 00:16:20,480 one-of-a-kind work of architecture 356 00:16:20,614 --> 00:16:22,216 that in typical Gehry fashion 357 00:16:22,316 --> 00:16:25,652 is as much a sculpture as a building. 358 00:16:25,752 --> 00:16:27,654 [George] I actually think it's a piece of art. 359 00:16:27,754 --> 00:16:30,391 When I look at it, it is so different 360 00:16:30,491 --> 00:16:32,859 to anything that you can see anywhere. 361 00:16:34,127 --> 00:16:37,298 [Nigel] It never ceases to amaze me today. 362 00:16:37,398 --> 00:16:39,566 And I've seen this building many, many times. 363 00:16:39,667 --> 00:16:44,805 I often want to just stand and admire 364 00:16:44,938 --> 00:16:48,508 the genius, really, of Frank Gehry and his team. 365 00:16:49,376 --> 00:16:59,152 [music] 366 00:16:59,252 --> 00:17:01,021 When building a cool new art museum 367 00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:02,390 in Tornado Alley, 368 00:17:02,490 --> 00:17:05,159 strength and practicality should win the day. 369 00:17:05,226 --> 00:17:07,027 But whatever the location, 370 00:17:07,127 --> 00:17:10,363 genius architects just love to think outside the box. 371 00:17:10,497 --> 00:17:12,399 And while this Oklahoma masterpiece 372 00:17:12,499 --> 00:17:15,002 will stand solid against the mightiest of winds, 373 00:17:15,102 --> 00:17:17,338 it's guaranteed that everyone who sees it 374 00:17:17,471 --> 00:17:20,707 will be totally blown away. 375 00:17:20,807 --> 00:17:22,643 [music] 376 00:17:22,743 --> 00:17:24,878 [Jay] Oklahoma lies at midpoint 377 00:17:25,012 --> 00:17:28,615 between the east and west coasts of the United States, 378 00:17:28,716 --> 00:17:32,419 and at the heart of Tornado Alley. 379 00:17:32,519 --> 00:17:36,456 The state is battered by around 50 twisters a year, 380 00:17:36,557 --> 00:17:41,528 which means buildings here have to be tough beyond belief. 381 00:17:41,628 --> 00:17:46,167 [music] 382 00:17:46,267 --> 00:17:50,638 In a tornado zone, right angles are the way to go. 383 00:17:50,738 --> 00:17:52,506 [Jay] The problem is that often means 384 00:17:52,639 --> 00:17:55,609 buildings can be boring... 385 00:17:55,709 --> 00:17:57,510 until now. 386 00:17:58,913 --> 00:18:03,084 This is the Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center. 387 00:18:03,184 --> 00:18:04,418 [Hank] When I first saw it, to be honest, 388 00:18:04,551 --> 00:18:08,522 it looked like a icicle had dropped and splattered. 389 00:18:08,622 --> 00:18:10,423 [Jay] It's a shimmering sculpture of a building 390 00:18:10,523 --> 00:18:14,494 that's as far from a sensible box you can imagine. 391 00:18:16,930 --> 00:18:18,799 [Rand] It's about discovery. 392 00:18:18,933 --> 00:18:21,134 It's about surprise. 393 00:18:22,903 --> 00:18:25,105 [Jay] And surprise it does. 394 00:18:25,238 --> 00:18:26,706 With an extraordinary façade 395 00:18:26,773 --> 00:18:29,609 that doesn't have a single right angle in sight. 396 00:18:31,879 --> 00:18:34,815 Ninety degrees is an engineer's favorite angle. 397 00:18:34,915 --> 00:18:36,950 So a building without any? 398 00:18:37,051 --> 00:18:39,120 It's a nightmare. 399 00:18:39,253 --> 00:18:41,121 We thought, wow, how the hell are we gonna do this 400 00:18:41,255 --> 00:18:42,823 with all the different directions 401 00:18:42,923 --> 00:18:45,793 and the zigging and the zagging of the walls? 402 00:18:45,926 --> 00:18:49,630 [Jay] Constructing it was beyond complicated. 403 00:18:49,763 --> 00:18:52,266 There's, like, 37 miles of fins on the building. 404 00:18:52,399 --> 00:18:54,768 [music] 405 00:18:54,902 --> 00:18:57,704 [Jay] So, how did they build it? 406 00:19:00,740 --> 00:19:07,614 [music] 407 00:19:11,886 --> 00:19:13,754 [Jay] In 1989, in Oklahoma City, 408 00:19:13,888 --> 00:19:17,224 a new arts organization set up shop 409 00:19:17,324 --> 00:19:20,527 in an abandoned building on the city's state fairgrounds. 410 00:19:22,496 --> 00:19:24,598 Known as Oklahoma Contemporary Arts, 411 00:19:24,732 --> 00:19:26,733 it offers people from all backgrounds 412 00:19:26,833 --> 00:19:31,538 opportunities to enjoy dance, theater, and the visual arts. 413 00:19:31,638 --> 00:19:34,575 Our mission focus is completely on education. 414 00:19:34,708 --> 00:19:38,679 All varieties of people, all ages, and all ability levels. 415 00:19:38,779 --> 00:19:40,480 [Jay] By 2003, though, 416 00:19:40,580 --> 00:19:44,584 the building it calls home no longer fits its purpose. 417 00:19:44,718 --> 00:19:46,686 [Christian] Nothing was built for what it was doing. 418 00:19:46,787 --> 00:19:49,289 We were having art classes in what used to be a planetarium. 419 00:19:49,389 --> 00:19:50,857 We all started fantasizing, 420 00:19:50,924 --> 00:19:53,894 what would it be like if we were someplace else? 421 00:19:53,994 --> 00:19:55,763 And then all of a sudden, I just am like, 422 00:19:55,863 --> 00:19:57,865 okay, I'm not gonna fight this tidal wave anymore. 423 00:19:57,965 --> 00:19:59,400 Let's do it! 424 00:19:59,533 --> 00:20:01,535 [music] 425 00:20:01,635 --> 00:20:03,404 [Jay] The vision is for a bold new arts center 426 00:20:03,537 --> 00:20:06,072 that will welcome all Oklahomans. 427 00:20:08,175 --> 00:20:10,611 In 2012, a fundraising drive gets underway 428 00:20:10,711 --> 00:20:15,582 with an ambitious target of $30.7 million. 429 00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:20,620 Meanwhile, they need someone to overcome the design challenges 430 00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:22,890 of creating their new home. 431 00:20:22,990 --> 00:20:24,424 This building had to be beautiful, 432 00:20:24,524 --> 00:20:27,895 but it also has to be strong. 433 00:20:27,995 --> 00:20:30,597 [Jay] In fact, it has to be very strong. 434 00:20:32,733 --> 00:20:34,602 In 2013, the Mora Tornado alone 435 00:20:34,702 --> 00:20:37,371 causes around a billion dollars' worth of devastation 436 00:20:37,471 --> 00:20:38,872 in the state. 437 00:20:41,141 --> 00:20:42,976 [Corina] Making a building tornado proof 438 00:20:43,043 --> 00:20:44,878 is no mean feat. 439 00:20:45,011 --> 00:20:48,415 you have to factor in all sorts of unpredictable forces 440 00:20:48,549 --> 00:20:51,218 and pressures on the structure. 441 00:20:51,318 --> 00:20:55,189 It's risky to prioritize style and aesthetics 442 00:20:55,289 --> 00:20:57,857 when strength is really your main priority. 443 00:21:00,594 --> 00:21:03,164 [Jay] The designer asked to rise to the challenge 444 00:21:03,297 --> 00:21:05,498 is architect Rand Elliott 445 00:21:06,967 --> 00:21:08,269 [Rand] My parents were wheat farmers 446 00:21:08,369 --> 00:21:09,736 in western Oklahoma, 447 00:21:09,803 --> 00:21:12,840 so I have a background where you appreciate the land 448 00:21:12,940 --> 00:21:16,476 and the skies and the wind. 449 00:21:16,576 --> 00:21:20,146 All of those things a part of my DNA. 450 00:21:20,247 --> 00:21:23,617 [Jay] Elliott has a vision for a show-stopping building. 451 00:21:23,717 --> 00:21:25,152 [Rand] The concept for this building 452 00:21:25,286 --> 00:21:29,489 was to react to the wind, the heat, the sun, 453 00:21:29,623 --> 00:21:32,626 and the reflective colors and qualities. 454 00:21:32,726 --> 00:21:35,662 And then you have the need for wind control 455 00:21:35,762 --> 00:21:37,497 when it comes to tornados. 456 00:21:37,597 --> 00:21:40,267 And so this building is built to withstand 457 00:21:40,367 --> 00:21:42,636 105 mile an hour winds. 458 00:21:44,638 --> 00:21:46,207 [Jay] His design will also need to stand up to 459 00:21:46,307 --> 00:21:48,808 whatever debris the tornados throw at it. 460 00:21:51,211 --> 00:21:53,514 But Elliott is determined that the last thing 461 00:21:53,647 --> 00:21:57,317 this fortress will look like is a boring box. 462 00:21:57,450 --> 00:21:59,286 [Christian] When I get something that has no right angles in it, 463 00:21:59,386 --> 00:22:01,388 I was amused at first. 464 00:22:01,488 --> 00:22:03,924 But in the end, it's genius. 465 00:22:04,024 --> 00:22:05,426 [Jay] Rand Elliott's final design 466 00:22:05,559 --> 00:22:08,428 is as unpredictable as the Oklahoma weather. 467 00:22:10,197 --> 00:22:12,198 An extraordinary shimmering building 468 00:22:12,299 --> 00:22:15,069 without a 90-degree angle in sight, 469 00:22:15,202 --> 00:22:20,241 covered in 16,800 reflective aluminum fins. 470 00:22:20,374 --> 00:22:23,244 If the team can figure out how to securely attach them, 471 00:22:23,344 --> 00:22:26,079 they'll not only mirror the incredible Oklahoma light, 472 00:22:26,213 --> 00:22:28,915 but deflect away tornado-force winds. 473 00:22:30,684 --> 00:22:32,653 Behind the fins, the engineers will need to devise 474 00:22:32,753 --> 00:22:36,923 a very special underlying structure. 475 00:22:37,023 --> 00:22:39,760 It will have to be strong enough to withstand the wind 476 00:22:39,894 --> 00:22:41,094 while also creating the building's 477 00:22:41,194 --> 00:22:44,098 irregular zig-zagging shape 478 00:22:44,198 --> 00:22:46,500 and accommodate the art center's requirement 479 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:49,402 for big, open exhibition and performance spaces 480 00:22:49,536 --> 00:22:50,637 on the upper levels, 481 00:22:50,738 --> 00:22:53,006 with classrooms on the floor below. 482 00:22:54,875 --> 00:22:57,945 The whole building will need to be set firmly into the ground 483 00:22:58,045 --> 00:22:59,813 so that it can stand up to whatever 484 00:22:59,913 --> 00:23:01,948 the weather throws at it 485 00:23:02,082 --> 00:23:04,585 and create a striking cultural landmark 486 00:23:04,685 --> 00:23:07,154 for all Oklahomans-- 487 00:23:07,254 --> 00:23:10,590 if, that is, the engineers can pull it off. 488 00:23:12,259 --> 00:23:13,961 My first reaction to this design was, 489 00:23:14,061 --> 00:23:16,263 wow, I am not exactly sure 490 00:23:16,329 --> 00:23:18,265 how we're going to accomplish that. 491 00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:22,736 [Jay] In March 2018, work begins. 492 00:23:22,836 --> 00:23:24,171 And the first challenge is deciding 493 00:23:24,304 --> 00:23:27,174 where to place the concrete piles, or piers, 494 00:23:27,274 --> 00:23:29,076 that will make up the foundations. 495 00:23:29,176 --> 00:23:32,846 Usually you arrange your piers in a nice, even grid. 496 00:23:32,946 --> 00:23:34,481 [Jay] Instead, they will need to be placed 497 00:23:34,581 --> 00:23:37,017 wherever the wall changes direction. 498 00:23:37,150 --> 00:23:41,087 And this irregular arrangement poses a risk. 499 00:23:41,188 --> 00:23:42,923 These piers are literally underpinning 500 00:23:43,023 --> 00:23:44,524 the entire structure. 501 00:23:44,658 --> 00:23:47,861 You can't afford to miscalculate. 502 00:23:47,994 --> 00:23:50,231 [Jay] If two piers end up too close together, 503 00:23:50,331 --> 00:23:51,898 the ground around them might not be able 504 00:23:51,998 --> 00:23:54,167 to handle the combined load. 505 00:23:54,301 --> 00:23:55,803 It's a checkers game to figure out 506 00:23:55,903 --> 00:24:00,340 how to move those different piers around. 507 00:24:00,474 --> 00:24:02,009 [Jay] The team carefully calculates 508 00:24:02,109 --> 00:24:05,512 exactly where to put each pier and how big to make it. 509 00:24:08,815 --> 00:24:10,551 I believe our largest ones on this project 510 00:24:10,651 --> 00:24:12,386 were seven feet in diameter, 511 00:24:12,486 --> 00:24:14,754 so large enough you could get a small car 512 00:24:14,888 --> 00:24:16,156 almost into the hole. 513 00:24:17,157 --> 00:24:19,460 [Jay] It's a slow process. 514 00:24:19,560 --> 00:24:21,495 They have to bore down as much as 50 feet 515 00:24:21,595 --> 00:24:23,096 to reach suitable soil 516 00:24:23,230 --> 00:24:25,032 and be within a quarter of an inch 517 00:24:25,132 --> 00:24:26,901 of where they're supposed to be. 518 00:24:27,001 --> 00:24:31,538 But eventually, all 47 piers are in place. 519 00:24:31,672 --> 00:24:33,107 It worked out great, but it was one of those 520 00:24:33,207 --> 00:24:34,808 very complicated first steps 521 00:24:34,875 --> 00:24:36,810 that had to be done exactly right. 522 00:24:39,546 --> 00:24:41,748 [Jay] Next, they start constructing the steel frame, 523 00:24:41,882 --> 00:24:43,450 which despite its many angles, 524 00:24:43,550 --> 00:24:46,653 will need to be strong enough to cope with tornados. 525 00:24:47,888 --> 00:24:51,825 This is going to be a very real challenge. 526 00:24:51,925 --> 00:24:53,994 [Corina] The frame of a typical square building 527 00:24:54,094 --> 00:24:57,297 is a neat grid of beams and columns, 528 00:24:57,397 --> 00:25:00,667 all connected to each other by a right angle. 529 00:25:00,768 --> 00:25:04,237 These right angle connections are naturally strong and stable. 530 00:25:04,338 --> 00:25:07,807 And we already know how they respond to forces like wind. 531 00:25:09,243 --> 00:25:10,778 [Jay] Here, the shape of the outside walls 532 00:25:10,878 --> 00:25:13,280 means that all the connections will be at different angles, 533 00:25:13,380 --> 00:25:17,717 and so the impact of the wind won't be distributed evenly. 534 00:25:17,818 --> 00:25:19,553 [Darcey] Askew of those connections mean 535 00:25:19,653 --> 00:25:21,822 that we end up with added eccentricity, 536 00:25:21,955 --> 00:25:24,658 so that can create torsion on that connection. 537 00:25:26,794 --> 00:25:28,863 [Amma] Torsion, or twisting forces, 538 00:25:28,963 --> 00:25:31,498 are something that you need to mitigate. 539 00:25:31,598 --> 00:25:36,303 Otherwise, the building is going to go under that strain. 540 00:25:36,403 --> 00:25:38,906 [Darcey] To combat that, we have to really look through 541 00:25:39,006 --> 00:25:42,809 how that can be beefed up and reinforced. 542 00:25:44,812 --> 00:25:47,381 [Jay] The engineers analyze every single structural element 543 00:25:47,448 --> 00:25:49,216 in the building, 544 00:25:49,316 --> 00:25:50,484 choosing stronger steel 545 00:25:50,584 --> 00:25:53,053 or chunkier bolts in some places, 546 00:25:53,153 --> 00:25:55,422 adding extra bracing in others. 547 00:25:58,258 --> 00:26:01,195 [Darcey] There is no one size fits all solution. 548 00:26:01,295 --> 00:26:04,064 Every column had to be looked at differently. 549 00:26:04,197 --> 00:26:06,233 For the majority of them, we had to pick a different shape, 550 00:26:06,366 --> 00:26:08,368 or a different size, or a different orientation 551 00:26:08,502 --> 00:26:09,837 to be able to work. 552 00:26:09,937 --> 00:26:12,706 So in essence, the entire building was a custom review 553 00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:16,476 of those beams, columns, connections. 554 00:26:17,678 --> 00:26:20,013 [Jay] Piece by piece, the meticulously designed frame 555 00:26:20,113 --> 00:26:22,849 is assembled by construction superintendent Hank 556 00:26:22,983 --> 00:26:24,952 and his team. 557 00:26:25,052 --> 00:26:27,954 The columns, the beams, everything was brought in, 558 00:26:28,055 --> 00:26:30,390 and then bolted and welded together. 559 00:26:30,524 --> 00:26:32,559 It all went pretty well. 560 00:26:35,028 --> 00:26:36,897 [Jay] The final job is to clad it in something 561 00:26:36,997 --> 00:26:39,566 that will be tough enough in these harsh conditions, 562 00:26:39,700 --> 00:26:43,670 but also simple and beautiful. 563 00:26:43,770 --> 00:26:48,309 We wanted something that would maintain straight lines, 564 00:26:48,409 --> 00:26:52,480 and we wanted material that is durable. 565 00:26:52,580 --> 00:26:55,015 [Jay] The architects look to aluminum cladding 566 00:26:55,115 --> 00:26:56,817 for the answer. 567 00:26:56,884 --> 00:26:59,386 [Rand] One of the things that I've always loved about aluminum 568 00:26:59,486 --> 00:27:01,788 is the fact that it's malleable. 569 00:27:01,888 --> 00:27:04,024 You know, you can extrude it. 570 00:27:04,124 --> 00:27:05,458 You can melt it. 571 00:27:05,592 --> 00:27:08,995 You can do any number of things with it. 572 00:27:09,095 --> 00:27:10,864 [Jay] They need to come up with something special 573 00:27:10,964 --> 00:27:12,399 to make it beautiful, 574 00:27:12,466 --> 00:27:15,836 because aluminum's not known for its good looks. 575 00:27:15,936 --> 00:27:17,338 [Corina] You think of aluminum, 576 00:27:17,404 --> 00:27:19,807 and you think of corrugated cladding on a warehouse. 577 00:27:19,907 --> 00:27:21,575 Not a glamorous art center. 578 00:27:21,708 --> 00:27:26,213 [music] 579 00:27:26,313 --> 00:27:27,581 [Jay] The team's design, though, 580 00:27:27,681 --> 00:27:30,884 takes metal cladding to the next level. 581 00:27:30,984 --> 00:27:33,254 Dipped in acid to smooth away imperfections, 582 00:27:33,354 --> 00:27:36,489 it creates a glowing, reflective finish. 583 00:27:39,292 --> 00:27:41,295 [Rand] The light changes. 584 00:27:41,428 --> 00:27:44,799 The color can be navy blue, or orange, or yellow, 585 00:27:44,932 --> 00:27:46,767 or green, or any of those kinds of things, 586 00:27:46,901 --> 00:27:51,104 depending on what the angle of incidence is 587 00:27:51,238 --> 00:27:53,240 for the light itself. 588 00:27:53,340 --> 00:27:57,744 And it just, it brought the building to life. 589 00:27:59,513 --> 00:28:01,982 [Jay] Not only is the cladding beautiful, 590 00:28:02,082 --> 00:28:03,984 it's also practical too. 591 00:28:04,084 --> 00:28:05,485 It's 100% recyclable, 592 00:28:05,619 --> 00:28:07,854 and the reflective coating deflects heat, 593 00:28:07,988 --> 00:28:10,490 helping to cool the building. 594 00:28:10,590 --> 00:28:13,260 It's also tough enough to withstand flying debris 595 00:28:13,327 --> 00:28:14,595 in a tornado. 596 00:28:14,695 --> 00:28:16,697 But the team must make sure the fins 597 00:28:16,831 --> 00:28:19,533 can't become projectiles themselves. 598 00:28:19,633 --> 00:28:22,503 On the back side of every fin on the building, 599 00:28:22,636 --> 00:28:25,472 there's actually--as part of the extrusion process, 600 00:28:25,605 --> 00:28:27,073 there's a C shape. 601 00:28:27,174 --> 00:28:30,343 And the C shape actually connects to-- 602 00:28:30,443 --> 00:28:32,046 I can't make a T with my finger, 603 00:28:32,146 --> 00:28:35,516 but more or less it will slide on that T shape 604 00:28:35,616 --> 00:28:38,385 to allow the fin to move in multiple directions 605 00:28:38,485 --> 00:28:41,655 in any kind of, say, weather or wind condition. 606 00:28:41,788 --> 00:28:44,492 [music] 607 00:28:44,592 --> 00:28:46,660 [Jay] They have a design. 608 00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:51,432 Now they have to fit the 16,800 fins in place. 609 00:28:51,532 --> 00:28:53,533 [Rand] There are 10-foot links 610 00:28:53,633 --> 00:28:55,569 that had to be perfectly aligned. 611 00:28:55,669 --> 00:28:57,604 They could not waver. 612 00:28:57,671 --> 00:28:59,973 It was pretty intense. They're all different shapes, 613 00:29:00,107 --> 00:29:03,210 so there's a certain sequence you put them in. 614 00:29:03,343 --> 00:29:04,645 We shot lines with lasers 615 00:29:04,745 --> 00:29:06,646 to get 'em straight and plumb, level. 616 00:29:06,747 --> 00:29:07,981 They're just screwed to the building 617 00:29:08,081 --> 00:29:09,283 with heavy-duty screws. 618 00:29:09,383 --> 00:29:10,684 There's no telling how many thousands of screws 619 00:29:10,784 --> 00:29:12,920 [indistinct]. 620 00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:14,822 [Jay] It's a painstaking process, 621 00:29:14,922 --> 00:29:18,592 but the hard work is worth it. 622 00:29:18,725 --> 00:29:20,494 [Rand] One of the craftsmen is kind of running up to me, 623 00:29:20,594 --> 00:29:23,497 he goes, "Rand! It's working! 624 00:29:23,597 --> 00:29:26,266 "It's reflecting! It's glowing! 625 00:29:26,366 --> 00:29:28,869 It's fabulous! Come look." 626 00:29:28,969 --> 00:29:32,406 [music] 627 00:29:32,506 --> 00:29:36,143 [Jay] Thirteen years from concept to reality, 628 00:29:36,243 --> 00:29:38,479 the new Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center 629 00:29:38,579 --> 00:29:40,747 opens in March 2020. 630 00:29:43,150 --> 00:29:45,786 People would kind of walk around and go, 631 00:29:45,886 --> 00:29:48,255 "Oh, wow, I've never seen that before. 632 00:29:48,388 --> 00:29:50,490 I never imagined that before." 633 00:29:53,093 --> 00:29:55,596 [Jay] Inside, there's almost 30,000 square feet 634 00:29:55,729 --> 00:29:59,333 of exhibition, learning, and performance space. 635 00:29:59,433 --> 00:30:02,869 Not only is it beautiful, it meets all of our needs. 636 00:30:02,969 --> 00:30:05,539 We have more space to make statements. 637 00:30:05,639 --> 00:30:08,842 [music] 638 00:30:08,909 --> 00:30:10,077 [Jay] From the outside, 639 00:30:10,211 --> 00:30:11,945 Oklahoma's sensible square skyline 640 00:30:12,045 --> 00:30:14,481 has a striking new addition, 641 00:30:14,548 --> 00:30:17,584 one that stands steadfast against anything 642 00:30:17,684 --> 00:30:19,086 the weather might throw it 643 00:30:19,220 --> 00:30:21,922 while looking incredible doing it. 644 00:30:22,990 --> 00:30:25,426 [Rand] People say it's a surprise to have this building 645 00:30:25,526 --> 00:30:28,329 in Oklahoma City. And I say it's perfect. 646 00:30:28,429 --> 00:30:29,763 It is Oklahoma City. 647 00:30:29,896 --> 00:30:32,065 If you knew about the place and its history, 648 00:30:32,165 --> 00:30:35,035 and its time, and its weather, and its conditions, 649 00:30:35,135 --> 00:30:37,838 you'd say, of course this building 650 00:30:37,904 --> 00:30:41,608 couldn't be anywhere else than Oklahoma City. 651 00:30:41,708 --> 00:30:45,378 [music] 652 00:30:46,346 --> 00:30:51,651 [music] 653 00:30:55,555 --> 00:30:57,491 Breathtaking buildings come in all shapes and sizes. 654 00:30:57,624 --> 00:30:59,793 But this Seattle landmark is made up of a shape 655 00:30:59,893 --> 00:31:03,063 that's never been used before to make a building-- 656 00:31:03,163 --> 00:31:05,032 a pentagonal hexecontahedron, 657 00:31:05,132 --> 00:31:07,568 a shape that's almost as difficult to say 658 00:31:07,701 --> 00:31:12,239 as these super cool offices were to design and put together. 659 00:31:12,339 --> 00:31:15,509 [music] 660 00:31:15,609 --> 00:31:17,277 [Jay] Seattle, Washington is surrounded by 661 00:31:17,378 --> 00:31:19,179 some of the most spectacular scenery 662 00:31:19,279 --> 00:31:22,549 and lush green forests in the United States. 663 00:31:22,649 --> 00:31:24,151 But in its bustling downtown 664 00:31:24,251 --> 00:31:27,154 with its packed streets and skyscraper offices, 665 00:31:27,254 --> 00:31:29,923 you could be in almost any city on the planet. 666 00:31:31,825 --> 00:31:34,327 That is, until one of the world's biggest companies 667 00:31:34,428 --> 00:31:36,396 decided to reimagine its headquarters 668 00:31:36,496 --> 00:31:38,866 and redefine the workplace, 669 00:31:38,966 --> 00:31:41,701 capturing a sense of countryside on the doorstep. 670 00:31:43,203 --> 00:31:45,438 And this building is completely out of this world. 671 00:31:45,538 --> 00:31:46,840 It's fiction. 672 00:31:47,875 --> 00:31:49,242 [Jay] Three interconnecting spheres 673 00:31:49,342 --> 00:31:51,945 made with 620 tons of steel. 674 00:31:54,381 --> 00:31:56,783 It's packed with more than 40,000 plants 675 00:31:56,883 --> 00:31:58,552 from over 30 countries. 676 00:31:58,652 --> 00:32:02,289 Each must have the exact conditions to flourish. 677 00:32:02,422 --> 00:32:04,858 Fine if you're creating a botanical garden. 678 00:32:04,959 --> 00:32:06,460 A huge challenge when you're building 679 00:32:06,560 --> 00:32:08,529 a tech company headquarters. 680 00:32:08,629 --> 00:32:09,797 How do we create an environment 681 00:32:09,897 --> 00:32:11,564 people would work in during the day, 682 00:32:11,665 --> 00:32:15,436 and yet, the plants would thrive? 683 00:32:15,569 --> 00:32:16,937 [Jay] To make it strong enough to withstand 684 00:32:17,071 --> 00:32:19,072 even a catastrophic earthquake, 685 00:32:19,206 --> 00:32:23,210 they base it on a shape never before used in construction. 686 00:32:23,310 --> 00:32:27,414 Holy cow, how does something like that get built? 687 00:32:27,514 --> 00:32:29,449 [Jay] Five years in the making, 688 00:32:29,583 --> 00:32:31,519 it's now the jewel in the crown 689 00:32:31,619 --> 00:32:34,455 of a $4 billion corporate campus 690 00:32:34,588 --> 00:32:37,258 and one of the most extraordinary offices 691 00:32:37,358 --> 00:32:38,825 in the world. 692 00:32:38,925 --> 00:32:41,929 This is the Amazon Spheres. 693 00:32:42,029 --> 00:32:43,697 So, how did they build it? 694 00:32:45,532 --> 00:32:47,134 [music] 695 00:32:47,234 --> 00:32:48,868 [Jay] It's 1990's Seattle, 696 00:32:48,969 --> 00:32:51,571 and the most northern city in the United States mainland 697 00:32:51,671 --> 00:32:53,073 is booming, 698 00:32:53,173 --> 00:32:56,777 driven by an explosion in tech company startups. 699 00:32:56,910 --> 00:33:00,113 One of them is a bookstore operating out of a garage-- 700 00:33:00,247 --> 00:33:02,649 Jeff Bezos' garage. 701 00:33:02,749 --> 00:33:05,953 By 2012, Amazon has become a multibillion-dollar 702 00:33:06,020 --> 00:33:07,988 global business. 703 00:33:08,122 --> 00:33:11,692 And when Bezos is looking to expand the company headquarters, 704 00:33:11,792 --> 00:33:13,093 he wants to create an environment 705 00:33:13,193 --> 00:33:15,962 that will spark creativity in his employees. 706 00:33:17,364 --> 00:33:21,001 He turns for inspiration to his backyard. 707 00:33:21,101 --> 00:33:23,069 He has, on his own property, 708 00:33:23,170 --> 00:33:27,174 a large kind of Victorian-style conservatory, or greenhouse. 709 00:33:27,274 --> 00:33:29,643 And when he needed to take a break 710 00:33:29,743 --> 00:33:31,212 from everything else, 711 00:33:31,312 --> 00:33:35,015 he would go walk through his conservatory. 712 00:33:35,148 --> 00:33:37,851 We know that when you go for a walk in the park, 713 00:33:37,985 --> 00:33:41,122 that your cortisol levels are improved, 714 00:33:41,222 --> 00:33:43,624 people's heart rates come down, 715 00:33:43,724 --> 00:33:46,226 that they're able to think clearer. 716 00:33:49,463 --> 00:33:51,331 [Jay] Not only must this greenhouse office 717 00:33:51,431 --> 00:33:54,367 offer the stress-busting and productivity-boosting benefits 718 00:33:54,501 --> 00:33:56,170 of being surrounded by plants, 719 00:33:56,303 --> 00:33:59,873 it must look incredible doing it. 720 00:33:59,973 --> 00:34:05,246 The architects take their cue from historic conservatories. 721 00:34:05,346 --> 00:34:06,446 [John Savo] Most of those old buildings 722 00:34:06,546 --> 00:34:08,448 had the dome in the middle. 723 00:34:08,548 --> 00:34:10,583 And that kind of got us thinking about 724 00:34:10,684 --> 00:34:12,319 what is the origin of the dome, really? 725 00:34:12,419 --> 00:34:14,488 It's part of a sphere. 726 00:34:14,588 --> 00:34:16,456 And while spheres would've been 727 00:34:16,556 --> 00:34:18,758 very difficult to build historically, 728 00:34:18,859 --> 00:34:21,161 in modern times, the idea of a sphere 729 00:34:21,261 --> 00:34:22,897 is much more doable. 730 00:34:22,997 --> 00:34:24,764 [Jay] The futuristic bubble-like spheres 731 00:34:24,865 --> 00:34:26,199 they come up with 732 00:34:26,266 --> 00:34:29,069 will test the limits of 21st century engineering. 733 00:34:29,169 --> 00:34:30,303 Having anchored them to the ground 734 00:34:30,404 --> 00:34:34,642 with three vast concrete ring beams, 735 00:34:34,708 --> 00:34:37,711 they'll need to build a core up to four stories high 736 00:34:37,844 --> 00:34:40,981 to create space for hundreds of employees at a time 737 00:34:41,081 --> 00:34:43,383 to collaborate and find inspiration. 738 00:34:45,553 --> 00:34:48,755 Then, they will need to design and build 739 00:34:48,855 --> 00:34:51,091 a self-supporting dome steel structure 740 00:34:51,191 --> 00:34:53,794 that's 90 feet tall at its peak 741 00:34:53,928 --> 00:34:56,329 and is as beautiful as it is strong. 742 00:34:57,731 --> 00:34:59,333 They'll also need to find a way to cover it 743 00:34:59,433 --> 00:35:02,836 in thousands of pieces of glass which won't shatter, 744 00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:04,538 even if hit by an earthquake. 745 00:35:06,506 --> 00:35:07,975 If they can pull it off, 746 00:35:08,075 --> 00:35:12,179 they'll have created space for a vast inside jungle 747 00:35:12,312 --> 00:35:16,149 and have built a workplace straight out of the future. 748 00:35:18,752 --> 00:35:21,822 [music] 749 00:35:21,922 --> 00:35:23,290 [Jay] In winter 2015, 750 00:35:23,356 --> 00:35:25,725 they break ground to dig foundations. 751 00:35:28,028 --> 00:35:29,597 Once complete, they'll quickly move on 752 00:35:29,663 --> 00:35:33,367 to building the central core, which will be the office space. 753 00:35:33,500 --> 00:35:35,836 Ultimately we decided that it just-- 754 00:35:35,936 --> 00:35:38,839 given the curvilinear shape of the structure, 755 00:35:38,939 --> 00:35:41,808 the internal core structure, I'll call it. 756 00:35:41,908 --> 00:35:45,111 It was better to just cast and format as concrete, 757 00:35:45,178 --> 00:35:48,315 just because you can set up a big, you know, floor, 758 00:35:48,415 --> 00:35:51,985 and then just set your form and pour the concrete in. 759 00:35:53,620 --> 00:35:56,023 [Jay] It is made with 12 million pounds of concrete 760 00:35:56,156 --> 00:35:59,460 reinforced by 2.5 million pounds of steel. 761 00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:01,328 So far, pretty straightforward. 762 00:36:01,428 --> 00:36:03,497 But now the fun begins-- 763 00:36:03,597 --> 00:36:05,765 the challenge of actually designing and building 764 00:36:05,866 --> 00:36:07,668 the three spheres. 765 00:36:07,768 --> 00:36:10,538 Now, how does this idea and vision manifest itself 766 00:36:10,638 --> 00:36:12,606 in kind of the final structure? 767 00:36:14,942 --> 00:36:16,276 [Jay] The answer lies in a shape 768 00:36:16,376 --> 00:36:18,712 never used before in construction. 769 00:36:23,584 --> 00:36:25,352 [Jay] It's 2015, and in Seattle, 770 00:36:25,419 --> 00:36:27,888 the engineers redesigning Amazon's headquarters 771 00:36:27,988 --> 00:36:29,790 are trying to devise a structure 772 00:36:29,890 --> 00:36:31,258 that looks like floating bubbles, 773 00:36:31,392 --> 00:36:35,462 but is strong enough not to need columns. 774 00:36:35,595 --> 00:36:37,965 [Jay T] We found the sweet spot as we found a solution 775 00:36:38,099 --> 00:36:40,835 that not only worked well structurally, 776 00:36:40,935 --> 00:36:44,338 we knew would be an effective and efficient way 777 00:36:44,438 --> 00:36:46,506 to fabricate and to erect, 778 00:36:46,607 --> 00:36:49,242 but it also was absolutely beautiful. 779 00:36:50,844 --> 00:36:52,279 [Jay] To create the building's frame, 780 00:36:52,413 --> 00:36:56,183 they use a shape never before used in construction-- 781 00:36:56,283 --> 00:36:58,618 a pentagonal hexecontahedron. 782 00:37:00,153 --> 00:37:02,423 It's what you get when 60 identical pentagons 783 00:37:02,523 --> 00:37:05,025 are joined up to make a sphere. 784 00:37:05,158 --> 00:37:07,761 And there's a very good reason to use it now. 785 00:37:08,328 --> 00:37:09,930 This shape distributes pressure, 786 00:37:10,030 --> 00:37:11,932 which makes it strong enough not to need 787 00:37:11,999 --> 00:37:14,701 any columns to support it. 788 00:37:14,835 --> 00:37:16,870 [Jay] They spend months experimenting with the shape 789 00:37:16,970 --> 00:37:21,542 of the individual pieces that will make up the steel frame. 790 00:37:21,642 --> 00:37:23,009 [John Savo] We didn't want to actually see 791 00:37:23,143 --> 00:37:24,845 the pentagons in the final form, 792 00:37:24,978 --> 00:37:28,348 so we thought, well, we can create something new 793 00:37:28,448 --> 00:37:31,318 by creating a hub in the middle of the pentagon 794 00:37:31,418 --> 00:37:35,823 and have five arms that go out to the five points. 795 00:37:35,923 --> 00:37:38,825 [Jay] Each hub has five curved arms. 796 00:37:38,926 --> 00:37:41,629 When these are connected, they form multiple pentagons, 797 00:37:41,729 --> 00:37:44,197 which join up to make a sphere. 798 00:37:44,297 --> 00:37:45,499 What they've created is one of 799 00:37:45,632 --> 00:37:50,270 the most complex distribution of forces imaginable. 800 00:37:50,370 --> 00:37:52,406 At each distinct point, 801 00:37:52,472 --> 00:37:55,209 the stresses will be completely different. 802 00:37:55,309 --> 00:37:57,478 [Tom] Structurally they're responding to 803 00:37:57,611 --> 00:38:01,248 their individual location. 804 00:38:01,381 --> 00:38:03,416 You could imagine that the ones at the top 805 00:38:03,550 --> 00:38:07,688 are operating in tension and sort of almost pulled apart, 806 00:38:07,788 --> 00:38:12,025 and then the ones on the bottom are heavily loaded. 807 00:38:13,961 --> 00:38:16,563 [Jay] The design is phenomenally complicated, 808 00:38:16,663 --> 00:38:19,666 even for the team's modeling software. 809 00:38:19,766 --> 00:38:22,102 [Jay T] The time that we did it here at the office was 810 00:38:22,202 --> 00:38:26,740 probably the largest analytical model we've ever built. 811 00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:29,243 [Jay] By early 2016, the design is complete, 812 00:38:29,376 --> 00:38:32,145 and the 180 pieces that make up the steel frame 813 00:38:32,245 --> 00:38:33,847 have been manufactured. 814 00:38:33,914 --> 00:38:37,218 Now they have to be put in exactly the right place 815 00:38:37,351 --> 00:38:39,386 with no margin for error. 816 00:38:39,519 --> 00:38:41,555 Our surveyors were on the ground, 817 00:38:41,655 --> 00:38:43,090 and they were shooting the plates 818 00:38:43,224 --> 00:38:45,392 with their laser surveying equipment. 819 00:38:45,493 --> 00:38:49,262 And they were on the radio like, "Okay, out three inches, 820 00:38:49,396 --> 00:38:52,099 down 1.1, nail it." 821 00:38:52,199 --> 00:38:55,369 That center of that plate was perfectly positioned. 822 00:38:55,469 --> 00:38:58,405 It was on the order of, like, a tenth of an inch. 823 00:38:58,538 --> 00:39:00,074 I mean, it's just astonishing, 824 00:39:00,174 --> 00:39:03,310 that precision that they had built this thing. 825 00:39:03,411 --> 00:39:04,645 [Jay] What's more, 826 00:39:04,745 --> 00:39:06,046 they won't know whether they got it right 827 00:39:06,146 --> 00:39:08,715 until they fit the final piece of the jigsaw 828 00:39:08,782 --> 00:39:10,451 and complete each sphere. 829 00:39:10,584 --> 00:39:14,220 [music] 830 00:39:14,321 --> 00:39:17,123 [Jay] In March 2016, the day arrives. 831 00:39:18,592 --> 00:39:20,094 Ultimately, at the end of the day, 832 00:39:20,161 --> 00:39:21,895 that last piece, you know, 833 00:39:21,995 --> 00:39:23,997 everybody was a little bit nervous about it. 834 00:39:27,167 --> 00:39:30,303 And it dropped into place just perfectly. 835 00:39:32,439 --> 00:39:33,673 It was amazing. 836 00:39:35,909 --> 00:39:40,748 [Jay] After 16 weeks, the steel shell is complete. 837 00:39:40,848 --> 00:39:43,284 The next challenge will be the glass. 838 00:39:43,384 --> 00:39:48,555 2,600 panes of it will cloak the exterior. 839 00:39:48,655 --> 00:39:51,158 The catch is, it needs to be earthquake proof 840 00:39:51,291 --> 00:39:54,761 because Seattle lies on a major fault line. 841 00:39:54,862 --> 00:39:58,431 In an earthquake, it's not only the glass that's a problem. 842 00:39:58,532 --> 00:40:01,435 The frame itself can twist and can torque. 843 00:40:01,535 --> 00:40:03,603 And if you haven't factored that into your design, 844 00:40:03,703 --> 00:40:06,106 you're going to have thousands of little pieces of glass 845 00:40:06,206 --> 00:40:07,974 raining down on the people below, 846 00:40:08,108 --> 00:40:09,709 and no one wants that. 847 00:40:12,946 --> 00:40:14,648 [Jay] To prevent this, the engineers built 848 00:40:14,781 --> 00:40:17,351 a completely separate structure for the glass. 849 00:40:17,451 --> 00:40:20,120 And that is attached to the main steel frame 850 00:40:20,220 --> 00:40:22,623 with flexible connectors. 851 00:40:22,723 --> 00:40:24,792 [Tom] In an earthquake or a wind event, 852 00:40:24,925 --> 00:40:27,795 the primary structure will move a lot more 853 00:40:27,928 --> 00:40:30,330 than the secondary structure, which is quite rigid. 854 00:40:30,430 --> 00:40:33,667 These flexible connectors absorb the movements, 855 00:40:33,767 --> 00:40:35,869 preventing the structure from twisting 856 00:40:35,969 --> 00:40:37,537 and shattering the glass. 857 00:40:40,908 --> 00:40:43,143 [Jay] They may have made the building earthquake proof, 858 00:40:43,277 --> 00:40:45,045 but partway through the glazing, 859 00:40:45,145 --> 00:40:47,280 they discover a pretty big problem. 860 00:40:47,380 --> 00:40:50,817 How do you put a 60-foot tree into a complete building? 861 00:40:50,917 --> 00:40:53,620 [music] 862 00:40:53,720 --> 00:40:55,822 [Jay] The centerpiece of the plant-filled interior 863 00:40:55,922 --> 00:40:57,691 will be a massive fig tree, 864 00:40:57,791 --> 00:41:01,728 which needs the protection of the sphere to survive. 865 00:41:01,862 --> 00:41:04,565 That's if they can get it in. 866 00:41:04,665 --> 00:41:09,703 Wow, okay, so that instituted a design change. 867 00:41:09,837 --> 00:41:11,338 [Jay] They decide the solution 868 00:41:11,439 --> 00:41:15,910 is to not weld the final piece of the sphere into place. 869 00:41:16,010 --> 00:41:19,846 The tree was lifted up by a crane 870 00:41:19,980 --> 00:41:23,717 to drop it into the very tight space. 871 00:41:25,552 --> 00:41:26,854 Inches to spare. 872 00:41:26,987 --> 00:41:29,689 [music] 873 00:41:29,789 --> 00:41:34,227 And then put the last steel in and put the last glazing. 874 00:41:36,296 --> 00:41:39,366 And then sealed up that section permanently. 875 00:41:39,466 --> 00:41:42,369 [music] 876 00:41:42,503 --> 00:41:44,204 [Jay] The remaining 40,000 plants 877 00:41:44,304 --> 00:41:46,841 will be easier to get in. 878 00:41:46,941 --> 00:41:49,009 But making sure they will happily coexist 879 00:41:49,109 --> 00:41:52,379 with the office workers poses a challenge. 880 00:41:52,512 --> 00:41:54,381 Typical greenhouse and conservatories 881 00:41:54,481 --> 00:41:55,983 were very hot and very humid 882 00:41:56,083 --> 00:41:57,518 and not indicative of wanting to work 883 00:41:57,651 --> 00:41:59,686 for long periods of time. 884 00:41:59,819 --> 00:42:02,289 [Jay] The team spends months visiting conservatories 885 00:42:02,422 --> 00:42:05,192 before finally landing on cloud forest plants, 886 00:42:05,292 --> 00:42:08,796 which enjoy similar daytime temperatures and humidity 887 00:42:08,929 --> 00:42:10,297 to humans. 888 00:42:11,465 --> 00:42:15,902 At night, though, they need something completely different. 889 00:42:16,036 --> 00:42:18,939 [John Savo] So we have to think about 890 00:42:19,039 --> 00:42:21,375 how the plants would be cared for at night. 891 00:42:21,475 --> 00:42:25,212 Be able to have 12 hours where people are comfortable 892 00:42:25,312 --> 00:42:26,680 and the plants are comfortable, 893 00:42:26,747 --> 00:42:29,349 but another 12 hours where it's all about the plants. 894 00:42:32,286 --> 00:42:33,687 [Jay] The final piece of the puzzle 895 00:42:33,787 --> 00:42:35,789 to complete this extraordinary building 896 00:42:35,923 --> 00:42:39,960 is to install a highly complex climate control system, 897 00:42:40,060 --> 00:42:41,361 which at night drops temperatures 898 00:42:41,461 --> 00:42:43,630 to a chilly 55 degrees 899 00:42:43,764 --> 00:42:46,600 and pushes the humidity up to 85%. 900 00:42:49,069 --> 00:42:51,438 After two and a half years of relentless effort, 901 00:42:51,572 --> 00:42:55,642 the team finally completes the extraordinary office. 902 00:42:55,742 --> 00:42:58,512 The challenges were significant. 903 00:42:58,579 --> 00:43:00,981 But I think the final result is probably 904 00:43:01,115 --> 00:43:03,683 one of the most elegant buildings I've done. 905 00:43:03,783 --> 00:43:07,321 [music] 906 00:43:07,421 --> 00:43:09,724 [Jay] On January 29, 2018, 907 00:43:09,824 --> 00:43:12,092 Amazon's out of this world new headquarters 908 00:43:12,192 --> 00:43:14,361 is opened by Jeff Bezos himself. 909 00:43:17,797 --> 00:43:22,336 An incredible fusion of nature and groundbreaking architecture. 910 00:43:22,469 --> 00:43:25,272 It was a big day for all the team. 911 00:43:25,372 --> 00:43:27,141 I was awestruck. 912 00:43:27,241 --> 00:43:31,812 And I actually got very emotional. 913 00:43:31,912 --> 00:43:35,883 [Jay] A space age sanctuary that allows employees to relax, 914 00:43:35,983 --> 00:43:39,186 recharge, and be inspired. 915 00:43:39,320 --> 00:43:41,488 I feel more productive when I come here. 916 00:43:41,621 --> 00:43:46,459 Like a booster for my own brain to recharge. 917 00:43:48,729 --> 00:43:52,466 I happily admit that the design and construction completion 918 00:43:52,566 --> 00:43:56,136 of the spheres is at the apex of my personal career. 919 00:43:56,269 --> 00:43:59,673 [music] 920 00:43:59,807 --> 00:44:02,075 It was just a delight to be part of it. 921 00:44:07,380 --> 00:44:17,324 [music]